Top native birches

3 species, native to the US, ranked by caterpillars, then bees and other hosts, food, flowers and shelter.

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3 native plants

Sun and shade

Light

Full sun 1 Part shade 3 Full shade 1

Soil and water

Moisture

Dry 1 Well drained 3 Moist 3 Wet 1

Water use

Medium 2 High 1

Soil

Rocky 2 Sand 3 Loam 2 Clay 3

Soil pH

Acid 3 Neutral 3

Toughness

Deer resistant

Resists

Wet soil 2 Dry soil 1 Fire 1 Poor soil 1

Form

Habit

Pyramidal 3 Dense 2 Oval 2 Rounded 2 Multi stemmed 1 Multi trunked 1 Spreading 1

Plant type