Top native conifers

5 species, native to the US, ranked by caterpillars, then bees and other hosts, food, flowers and shelter.

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5 native plants

Sun and shade

Light

Full sun 4 Part shade 4

Soil and water

Moisture

Dry 2 Well drained 5 Moist 4 Wet 1

Water use

Soil

Sand 3 Loam 4 Clay 2 Organic 2

Soil pH

Acid 4 Neutral 4 Alkaline 1

Toughness

Drought tolerant

Deer resistant

Resists

Dry soil 12 Pollution 8 Salt 8 Wet soil 7 Poor soil 6 Heat 5 Wind 5 Heavy shade 4 Black walnut 3 Erosion 3 Fire 3 Rabbits 2 Urban conditions 2 Humidity 1 Storm damage 1

Form

Habit

Pyramidal 3 Broad 2 Erect 2 Horizontal 2 Open 2 Spreading 2 Ascending 1 Conical 1 Dense 1 Rounded 1

Plant type

Tree 5 Perennial 3